A spinal cord injury can alter nearly every part of a person’s life. While the immediate effects might be clear after trauma, many people are not prepared for the long-term complications that can arise weeks, months or even years later. These effects are often not limited to mobility issues alone but may include medical, physical and psychological consequences.
Living with a spinal cord injury involves more than adapting to physical limitations. Complications may require ongoing medical support, impact independence or lead to additional health problems that affect daily life. Understanding what to expect long term can help you prepare and seek appropriate support when needed.
Common long-term complications after spinal cord injury
Spinal cord injuries often lead to more than motor dysfunction. Below are some of the common complications that can persist or worsen over time.
- Chronic pain and abnormal sensations: Many individuals with spinal cord injuries experience nerve-related pain. This can include phantom pain, tingling or burning sensations in areas where feeling has been lost. These symptoms may develop as the nervous system misfires signals to the brain, interpreting them as pain.
- Autonomic issues and organ dysfunction: Injuries to certain spinal regions can affect internal organ control. This may lead to difficulties with breathing, body temperature regulation, digestion and bladder or bowel control. Some individuals face repeated infections, particularly urinary tract infections, due to impaired bladder function.
- Muscle tightness and joint problems: Spasticity, or involuntary muscle stiffness, can cause pain, make movement more difficult and affect posture. Limited mobility can also lead to contractures in joints and pressure sores from prolonged sitting or lying down without proper movement.
- Circulatory and respiratory complications: Those with higher-level spinal injuries may experience low blood pressure when changing positions and are at greater risk of pneumonia due to weakened respiratory muscles. Both issues can lead to dangerous medical emergencies if not properly managed.
If your spinal cord injury occurred because of someone else’s actions, legal guidance can help explore options for compensation. Understanding your rights and the long-term impact of your injury is a key step toward rebuilding your life.